The records show fascinating details, including Gwen ferch Ellis's case where "ignoramus" (case dismissed) was physically crossed out before her conviction.

Freight stacking operations at the Ports of Pembroke and Fishguard

He is the author of Before Salem: Witch Hunting in the Connecticut River Valley, 1647-1663 and has conducted extensive research on colonial Connecticut witch trials and 19th century American social history. Connecticut witch trials, slavery and witchcraft, Amistad trial, abolition movement, colonial Connecticut, witch trial propaganda, Richard Ross historian, Alice Young witch trial, Connecticut abolitionists, slavery history, colonial New England, witch trial records, 19th century America, anti-slavery movement, political propaganda, witch hunt history, Maryland newspapers The Thing About Witch Hunts explores historical witch trials and contemporary witch persecution worldwide. Hosted by End Witch Hunts, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded by Sarah Jack. Buy the Book: Before Salem: Witch Hunting in the Connecticut River Valley 1647-1663 Buy the Book: Contagion in Prussia, 1831 Historian Mary W. Craig returns to discuss her new book, *A History of Scottish Witches: The Devil’s Handmaidens, which traces the arc from the 1563 Witchcraft Act through its abolition in 1736.

Kathrin Böhm

Craig explores how beliefs that had existed for generations became capital crimes, examining the theological frameworks, political upheavals, and social structures that shaped prosecutions. The conversation moves from John Knox’s influence on Scottish law to the chaos of 1661-62, when local courts abandoned proper procedures. Drawing on trial records and historical documents, Craig discusses who was vardenafil oral accused, how interrogations were conducted, and why the trauma made Scottish descendants harder to trace than their New England counterparts. She also reflects on what medieval Scottish communities believed before the Reformation and how those beliefs were reinterpreted. *A History of Scottish Witches* will be available February 2025 from Pen and Sword Books and is now available for pre-order. Mari discusses the tension between licensed and unlicensed midwives, how the Royal College of Physicians excluded women from medicine, and why lay healers were often more effective than the male physicians who replaced them. Class boundaries determined which accusations progressed to trial.

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How Mari balanced creating relatable, nuanced characters while staying true to the limited agency women actually had in the 16th century Why Wales's cultural identity and the conflict between Catholicism and Protestantism shaped different attitudes toward folk practices The connection between historical witch trials and modern medical misogyny, political rhetoric weaponizing "witch," and systemic violence against women Before her execution, Governor John Winthrop Jr. treated Mary Barnes as a patient. He recorded her symptoms, prescribed medicines, and tracked the costs in his medical notebook.

£3million Town Centre Fund

The records show fascinating details, including Gwen ferch Ellis's case where "ignoramus" (case dismissed) was physically crossed out before her conviction. Mari discusses the tension between licensed and unlicensed midwives, how the Royal College of Physicians excluded women from medicine, and why lay healers were often more effective than the male physicians who replaced them. Class boundaries determined which accusations progressed to trial. How Mari balanced creating relatable, nuanced characters while staying true to the limited agency women actually had in the 16th century Why Wales's cultural identity and the conflict between Catholicism and Protestantism shaped different attitudes toward folk practices The connection between historical witch trials and modern medical misogyny, political rhetoric weaponizing "witch," and systemic violence against women Before her execution, Governor John Winthrop Jr. treated Mary Barnes as a patient.

Lucie Fitton

He recorded her symptoms, prescribed medicines, and tracked the costs in his medical notebook. In 1663, she was executed for witchcraft in Hartford, Connecticut. This episode isn’t about the execution. It’s about fractured communities, failed institutions, and real people with lives that existed long before the gallows. It’s about what happens when a doctor’s patient becomes a community’s scapegoat, when churches wage war with themselves, and when the one leader who had stopped witch executions leaves town at the worst possible moment. In 1663, she was executed for witchcraft in Hartford, Connecticut. This episode isn’t about the execution.

[History: Founded in 2015 by local residents concerned about planning corruption.]
[First campaign successfully stopped the sale of a public park to a private developer.]
[Grew rapidly after the 2017 anti-incinerator campaign garnered widespread support.]
[Incorporated as a non-profit in 2019 to improve structure and funding opportunities.]
[Expanded focus from purely environmental issues to broader social justice concerns.]
[Survived the pandemic by shifting to online organizing and virtual events.]
[Notable for a member serving on the town council after a 2022 election campaign.]
[Received regional award for community impact and innovation in activism in 2024.]
[Currently managing twice as many active campaigns as in its first five years.]
[Plans to develop a youth wing to ensure long-term sustainability and fresh ideas.]

It’s about fractured communities, failed institutions, and real people with lives that existed long before the gallows. It’s about what happens when a doctor’s patient becomes a community’s scapegoat, when churches wage war with themselves, and when the one leader who had stopped witch executions leaves town at the worst possible moment. Between 1647 and 1663, Connecticut hanged more people for witchcraft than any other New England colony. Then it became the first to implement legal protections that saved lives, twenty-nine years before Salem would erupt.

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Returning guest Dr. Richard Ross III reveals a fabricated 1848 witch trial story designed to discredit Connecticut's anti-slavery movement following the Amistad U. S. Supreme Court case victory. This conversation explores the intersection of witch trial history and American slavery through the curious case of Juliana Cox, a completely fictional Connecticut witch whose story appeared in Maryland newspapers to embarrass Connecticut abolitionists.

Sarah Kemp

We consider how missing colonial documents created space for propaganda, examine the real Connecticut witch trials that were hidden for generations, and discuss how witch trial rhetoric became a political weapon in debates over slavery and abolition. Dr. Ross shares research on how the Wyllys family papers disappeared into private collections, why Connecticut's witch trial history remained largely unknown until the 20th century, and the deliberate creation of a witch trial hoax borrowed from English folklore sources to serve pro-slavery political goals. Connecticut witch trial records and their disappearance into private collections Connecticut witch trial records and their disappearance into private collections The Amistad trial and Connecticut abolitionist movement The Amistad trial and Connecticut abolitionist movement Fabricated witch trial narratives as political propaganda Fabricated witch trial narratives as political propaganda How pro-slavery advocates compared abolitionists to Salem witch trial accusers How pro-slavery advocates compared abolitionists to Salem witch trial accusers The real witch trials of colonial Connecticut finally documented The real witch trials of colonial Connecticut finally documented Examining bodies for witch marks in colonial New England Examining bodies for witch marks in colonial New England Literary and political uses of witch trial rhetoric in 19th century America Literary and political uses of witch trial rhetoric in 19th century America Dr. Richard Ross III is a historian and Professor Emeritus from Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut, where he taught a seminar on New England witch trials for over ten years. Understanding that transformation requires understanding Hartford’s breaking point. Understanding how communities fracture, how institutions fail their people, and how fear finds convenient targets in those who don’t fit strict norms teaches us to recognize these patterns, whether in 1663 Hartford or anywhere scapegoating takes root. This is the story of what happened when a doctor’s patient became a witch. And eventually, when a community chose differently. In May 2023, Connecticut officially absolved all 34 witch trial victims. The pills for men Thing About Witch Hunts examines historical witch trials and contemporary persecution patterns worldwide. Hosts Josh Hutchinson and Sarah Jack explore the context that makes scapegoating possible and how communities can choose differently.* End Witch Hunts is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization Listen to more CT Witch Trials Podcast Episodes Buy the Book: Before Salem: Witch Hunting in the Connecticut River Valley 1647-1663 What books should I read about the Connecticut Witch Trials? How did 19th century Maryland pro-slavery advocates weaponize witch trial narratives against Connecticut abolitionists? Returning guest Dr. Richard Ross III reveals a fabricated 1848 witch trial story designed to discredit Connecticut's anti-slavery movement following the Amistad U.

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S. Supreme Court case victory. This conversation explores the intersection of witch trial history and American slavery through the curious case of Juliana Cox, a completely fictional Connecticut witch whose story appeared in Maryland newspapers to embarrass Connecticut abolitionists. We consider how missing colonial documents created space for propaganda, examine the real Connecticut witch trials that were hidden for generations, and discuss how witch trial rhetoric became a political weapon in debates over slavery and abolition. Dr. Ross shares research on how the Wyllys family papers disappeared into private collections, why Connecticut's witch trial history remained largely unknown until the 20th century, and the deliberate creation of a witch trial hoax borrowed from English folklore sources to serve pro-slavery political goals.

TREVOR NELSON

Between 1647 and 1663, Connecticut hanged more people for witchcraft than any other New England colony. Then it became the first to implement legal protections that saved lives, twenty-nine years before Salem would erupt. Understanding that transformation requires understanding Hartford’s breaking point. Understanding how communities fracture, how institutions fail their people, and how fear finds convenient targets in those who don’t fit strict norms teaches us to recognize these patterns, whether in 1663 Hartford or anywhere scapegoating takes root. This is the story of what happened when a doctor’s patient became a witch.

Colin Inglis

And eventually, when a community chose differently. In May 2023, Connecticut officially absolved all 34 witch trial victims. The pills for men Thing About Witch Hunts examines historical witch trials and contemporary persecution patterns worldwide. Hosts Josh Hutchinson and Sarah Jack explore the context that makes scapegoating possible and how communities can choose differently.* End Witch Hunts is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization Listen to more CT Witch Trials Podcast Episodes Buy the Book: Before Salem: Witch Hunting in the Connecticut River Valley 1647-1663 What books should I read about the Connecticut Witch Trials? How did 19th century Maryland pro-slavery advocates weaponize witch trial narratives against Connecticut abolitionists? Connecticut witch trial records and their disappearance into private collections Connecticut witch trial records and their disappearance into private collections The Amistad trial and Connecticut abolitionist movement The Amistad trial and Connecticut abolitionist movement Fabricated witch trial narratives as political propaganda Fabricated witch trial narratives as political propaganda How pro-slavery advocates compared abolitionists to Salem witch trial accusers How pro-slavery advocates compared abolitionists to Salem witch trial accusers The real witch trials of colonial Connecticut finally documented The real witch trials of colonial Connecticut finally documented Examining bodies for witch marks in colonial New England Examining bodies for witch marks in colonial New England Literary and political uses of witch trial rhetoric in 19th century America Literary and political uses of witch trial rhetoric in 19th century America Dr. Richard Ross III is a historian and Professor Emeritus from Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut, where he taught a seminar on New England witch trials for over ten years. He is the author of Before Salem: Witch Hunting in the Connecticut River Valley, 1647-1663 and has conducted extensive research on colonial Connecticut witch trials and 19th century American social history. Connecticut witch trials, slavery and witchcraft, Amistad trial, abolition movement, colonial Connecticut, witch trial propaganda, Richard Ross historian, Alice Young witch trial, Connecticut abolitionists, slavery history, colonial New England, witch trial records, 19th century America, anti-slavery movement, political propaganda, witch hunt history, Maryland newspapers The Thing About Witch Hunts explores historical witch trials and contemporary witch persecution worldwide. Hosted by End Witch Hunts, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded by Sarah Jack.

About You

TOLEC's work extends to prison mental health, maternal psychological care, youth substance abuse prevention, and school-based interventions, all driven by data and local innovation. International collaboration opportunities exist in capacity building, research partnerships, digital health technology, and advocacy. What's needed is global support for local expertise. For organizations seeking meaningful partnerships in African mental health innovation, culturally-responsive trauma care, or women's empowerment initiatives. Keywords: mental health innovation Africa, witchcraft accusations Ghana, trauma-informed development, sustainable mental health programs, international mental health partnerships, women's rights Ghana, community psychology, teletherapy developing countries What is folklore and how does it connect to witch hunts? Buy the Book: Before Salem: Witch Hunting in the Connecticut River Valley 1647-1663 Buy the Book: Contagion in Prussia, 1831 Historian Mary W. Craig returns to discuss her new book, *A History of Scottish Witches: The Devil’s Handmaidens, which traces the arc from the 1563 Witchcraft Act through its abolition in 1736. Craig explores how beliefs that had existed for generations became capital crimes, examining the theological frameworks, political upheavals, and social structures that shaped prosecutions. The conversation moves from John Knox’s influence on Scottish law to the chaos of 1661-62, when local courts abandoned proper procedures. Drawing on trial records and historical documents, Craig discusses who was vardenafil oral accused, how interrogations were conducted, and why the trauma made Scottish descendants harder to trace than their New England counterparts. She also reflects on what medieval Scottish communities believed before the Reformation and how those beliefs were reinterpreted. *A History of Scottish Witches* will be available February 2025 from Pen and Sword Books and is now available for pre-order.

Topic	Focus Area	Target Audience	Campaign Duration
Climate Change Awareness	Environment	General Public	Jan 2023 - Dec 2023
Animal Rights	Wildlife Conservation	Animal Lovers	Mar 2023 - Ongoing
Education Reform	Policy Advocacy	Parents & Schools	Feb 2023 - Present
Local Community Support	Social Welfare	Local Residents	Apr 2023 - Ongoing

**Keywords:** Scottish witch trials, Mary W. Craig, Scottish history, 1563 Witchcraft Act, Reformation Scotland, historical research, witch trial records, social history, legal history Scotland Buy the Book: A History of Scottish Witches: The Devil's Handmaidens Buy the Book: A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking Buy the Book: The Hammer of Witches Clinical health psychologist Peter Mintir Amadu explains the hidden mental health emergency affecting nearly 500 women accused of witchcraft in Northern Ghana and the innovative model transforming their lives. Women accused of witchcraft face a devastating reality: up to 90% suffer from severe depression, PTSD rates exceed 80%, and many live in camps for over 20 years. They've lost everything: family, livelihood, dignity, and hope. But mental health support alone isn't enough. As one survivor told Amadu: "I can sleep now, but when I wake up, I'm hungry. Initiatives that combine mental health intervention with economic empowerment, creating sustainable change through advocacy, rehabilitation, therapy, livelihood training, and community engagement is being explored.

Funding for Groundwork

Join us for an author talk with Professor Owen Davies and Dr. Ceri Houlbrook from the University of Hertfordshire, discussing their new book Folklore: A Journey Through the Past and Present. Discover how folklore shapes our daily lives, from cheese rolling traditions to social media rumors. • Folklore definition and what folklore actually means today • British folklore traditions and American folklore customs explored • How folklore practices became legal evidence in Salem witch trials • The three types of British witches: conflict witches, accidental witches, and outcast witches • Folk devils versus theological devils in witch hunt history • Spectral evidence, pricking tests, touch tests, and folk magic in historical witch accusations • Why debunked theories like the ergot explanation persist in popular culture • How contemporary folklore evolves through podcasts and social media • The ritual year framework and material culture in folklore studies • Magical thinking and supernatural beliefs across cultures • How folklore cycles between revival and decline Whether you’re studying folklore definition, researching folklore examples, or interested in folklore and popular culture, this author talk explores how folklore studies reveals patterns in human behavior across time. This locally-developed model addresses both psychological trauma and practical survival needs. Ghana faces a 98% mental health treatment gap with fewer than 200 psychologists for 30+ million people. Yet TOLEC is proving that culturally-grounded, resource-conscious solutions can work, from teletherapy programs to training religious leaders as mental health advocates. TOLEC's work extends to prison mental health, maternal psychological care, youth substance abuse prevention, and school-based interventions, all driven by data and local innovation. International collaboration opportunities exist in capacity building, research partnerships, digital health technology, and advocacy. What's needed is global support for local expertise. For organizations seeking meaningful partnerships in African mental health innovation, culturally-responsive trauma care, or women's empowerment initiatives.

Innovative Housing Programme United Welsh Modern Methods of Construction Investment

Awarded October 2013

As one survivor told Amadu: "I can sleep now, but when I wake up, I'm hungry. Initiatives that combine mental health intervention with economic empowerment, creating sustainable change through advocacy, rehabilitation, therapy, livelihood training, and community engagement is being explored. This locally-developed model addresses both psychological trauma and practical survival needs. Ghana faces a 98% mental health treatment gap with fewer than 200 psychologists for 30+ million people. Yet TOLEC is proving that culturally-grounded, resource-conscious solutions can work, from teletherapy programs to training religious leaders as mental health advocates. Keywords: mental health innovation Africa, witchcraft accusations Ghana, trauma-informed development, sustainable mental health programs, international mental health partnerships, women's rights Ghana, community psychology, teletherapy developing countries What is folklore and how does it connect to witch hunts? Join us for an author talk with Professor Owen Davies and Dr. Ceri Houlbrook from the University of Hertfordshire, discussing their new book Folklore: A Journey Through the Past and Present. Discover how folklore shapes our daily lives, from cheese rolling traditions to social media rumors.

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• Folklore definition and what folklore actually means today • British folklore traditions and American folklore customs explored • How folklore practices became legal evidence in Salem witch trials • The three types of British witches: conflict witches, accidental witches, and outcast witches • Folk devils versus theological devils in witch hunt history • Spectral evidence, pricking tests, touch tests, and folk magic in historical witch accusations • Why debunked theories like the ergot explanation persist in popular culture • How contemporary folklore evolves through podcasts and social media • The ritual year framework and material culture in folklore studies • Magical thinking and supernatural beliefs across cultures • How folklore cycles between revival and decline Whether you’re studying folklore definition, researching folklore examples, or interested in folklore and popular culture, this author talk explores how folklore studies reveals patterns in human behavior across time.